Physics Papers by James Antoniadis

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 We present a synthesis of a 7-dimensional Janus two-time framework equipped with a
compact T 2 sector and governed by a Principle of Least Information (PLI). An auxiliary time
involves a polarization-invariant plane (t, τ ) with a radial positive-definite covariance; under
any polarization one can reconstruct a complex Hilbert space (via OS/GNS) and a completely
positive trace-preserving (CPTP) influence map arising from a Hubbard–Stratonovich (HS)
quasi-free environment. Within an increment-stability class, PLI selects Gaussian laws
and sparse completely-monotone (CM) memories; strong positivity yields the Born rule,
forbids third-order interference, and supports a posterior-sampling selection rule that is
Born-correct, no-signalling, and MDL-feasible. The 7D reduction still recovers GR exactly on
observable slices with fixed c and G, and the SM gauge sector with near-exact electroweak-
scale couplings from a minimal set of compact geodesics and integers. We summarise crisp
laboratory, table-top, and astrophysical signatures and state updated unification theorems. 

This paper develops a foundations program built on two ingredients: a Principle of Least Information (PLI) and a second, Gaussian auxiliary time. PLI is elevated to a law on par with relativity and least action: among all consistent law-and-boundary descriptions, Nature realises the one with the shortest algorithmic code. In practice, PLI eliminates gratuitous parameters, favours minimal structures, and (within a natural stability class) selects a Gaussian kernel for the auxiliary time.

Introducing an orthogonal Gaussian time coordinate yields a natural influence functional: integrating over this axis induces completely positive, trace-preserving (CPTP) dynamics on ordinary time. From this, the decoherence functional and strong positivity follow, recovering the Born rule without adding measurement postulates. The same construction leads directly to the GKSL master equation, clarifies POVMs and measurement as information-threshold phenomena, preserves no-signalling, and predicts visibility–information trade-offs and quantum-Zeno thresholds.

In this minimal PLI + 2t architecture, the operational content of quantum mechanics is reproduced while unifying consistent-histories, path-integral, and open-systems viewpoints—without ad hoc collapse dynamics. The framework provides both a conceptual explanation of quantum phenomena and concrete, falsifiable signatures, including directional Zeno effects and quantitative bounds linking interference visibility to recorded information. 

This is a supplemental paper to my paper "Quantum Mechanics from a new Principal of Least Information in conjunction with a secondary time dimension".  It is also a foundation of my 7 Dimension 2t PLI Grand Unification Model.

The program seeks to derive the standard kinematical and statistical structure of quantum
 mechanics (complex Hilbert space, CPTP dynamics, Born statistics, no third-order interference)
 from two inputs: (i) an auxiliary time axis whose Euclideanised influence is reflection-positive,
 and (ii) a Principle of Least Information (PLI) which selects the simplest laws and boundary
 data in the Kolmogorov/MDL sense. Conceptually, no axis in the hidden-time plane (t,τ)
 is ontically preferred; the operational time is a polarization choice that minimises description
 length.

 We formalise the linear–cosmology limit of the Janus/PLI mid–band portal and show
that if μ(a, k) obeys μ(k → 0) = 1 with derivative–suppressed tails, then primary CMB
acoustic physics and linear growth remain effectively ΛCDM–like, with sub–percent shifts
in Cℓ over 100 ≲ ℓ ≲ 1000 and in f σ8 at z ≲ 1. Our parameterisation and the safety thesis
follow the notation and motivation of Paper A and the foundations note (v14), where PLI,
strong positivity, and the hidden–time sector are laid out; see §§ 2–6 of Paper A and §§ 1–5,
8–11 of v14 for context and the positivity/Born machinery. We use standard cosmological
perturbation theory and Boltzmann codes as benchmarks  

 Starting from the world–ensemble relation c3(t) = 2 G(t) MU H(t) motivated in the
Janus/PLI programme , we derive the co–evolution law ˙G/G = 3 ˙c/c − ˙H/H and propagate it through BBN, recombination, and late–time bounds. Two regimes emerge: (i) a PLI track with c(t) ∝ H1/3(t) giving ˙G/G = 0
at all epochs; (ii) off–track solutions that are bounded by current BBN/CMB/LLR constraints
on ˙G/G and by α variation limits . We quantify the allowed late–time drift and
revisit the baryogenesis sign implied by ˙c/c. 

 We develop and test a mid–band gravitational “portal” in which the linear Poisson oper-
ator is modified by a positive, derivative–suppressed kernel μ(k) motivated by the Janus–PLI
framework. The kernel produces an outer rotation–curve lift and a matched lensing enhance-
ment while leaving Solar–System scales and linear cosmology essentially unchanged. Our
implementation uses integer–only choices previously fixed by Principle of Least Informa-
tion (PLI) arguments, with no per–galaxy floats. We provide a reproducible Hankel–space
pipeline (with code) and ship figures for: (i) μ(k) vs. k, (ii) rotation–curve overlays on three
baryonic archetypes, and (iii) the lensing ratio Σeff /Σbary(R). We also document a SPARC
intake to run the same kernel against real galaxies with zero per–galaxy tuning. 

 We quantify the visibility drop of two-path interference as a function of recorded which-path
bits and present two experimental protocols that expose a sharp, reproducible “visibility
kink” predicted by the Principle of Least Information (PLI). We then propose and analyze
a macroscopic Directional Zeno Ratchet: a repeated weak-measurement sequence produc-
ing net drift with zero net classical impulse per cycle. Our framework is grounded in the
Janus–PLI construction in which a Euclidean hidden-time influence yields a completely pos-
itive, trace-preserving decoherence map and threshold-like suppression of off-diagonals once
an information cost is exceeded. We provide (i) cavity-QED and optomechanical protocols,
(ii) an information-audit method (mutual information in bits vs. measured visibility), and
(iii) quantitative “no classical impulse” bounds. Falsifiers are: absence of a visibility kink
and/or a ratchet that requires a nonzero classical force budget. 

 We derive a discrete gauge–coupling dictionary from a rectangular two–torus compacti-
fication T 2 selected by the Principle of Least Information (PLI). The dictionary ties each
Standard-Model (SM) coupling αi to a compact geodesic length Li and a small integer mul-
tiplicity mi through a single compactification scale K, αi = K mi/L2
i . Using only integers
≤ 7, we find an isotropic baseline solution with R2/R1 = 1, axis integer k = 7, asymmetric
pair (p, q) = (5, 2), multiplicities (mx, my , mpq ) = (2, 1, 4), and K = 0.854580, which yields
α1(MZ ) = 0.017092, α2(MZ ) = 0.034183, α3(MZ ) = 0.117873,
i.e. an overall RMS error of 0.80% vs. the canonical targets. The electroweak ratio α2/α1 = 2
follows exactly from the multiplicity pattern on an isotropic T 2. For comparison, an
anisotropic accuracy leader with R2/R1 = p4/3 , k = 7, (3, 2), (3, 2, 3), and K = 0.564011
achieves RMS 0.40%. Both solutions use only integers and one common scale; percent-level
threshold corrections (KK/brane matching) can absorb the residuals without introducing
floats. We present the MDL (description-length) rationale, numerics at MZ . High Energy
fine structure constant calculated accurately, 1/127. 

 This tutorial explains, from first principles and with minimal prerequisites, how
a foundational model—“Janus–PLI”—guides practical design choices in quantum
computing (QC). In the model, (i) a Principle of Least Information (PLI) pe-
nalizes gratuitous complexity in laws and boundary conditions, and (ii) quantum
mechanics emerges from a polarization-invariant auxiliary time: reflection positivity
(OS/GNS) and a Gaussian-class influence functional lead to completely positive,
trace-preserving (CPTP) dynamics, strong positivity of the decoherence functional,
the Born rule, and the absence of third-order interference. We translate these
foundations into engineering levers: CP-safe noise kernels, measurement scheduling
using a visibility–information threshold, directional Zeno ratchets (bias without
classical force), MDL/PLI-regularized calibration, and CP-preserving error miti-
gation. The paper includes intuition, worked examples, diagrams, platform notes
(superconducting, ions, photonics), experimental protocols, limitations, FAQs, and
a glossary. 

 The neutrino sector remains the least structurally explained part of the
Standard Model: oscillations are established, but the absolute mass scale,
the Dirac-versus-Majorana character, the existence of sterile states, and the
size of leptonic CP violation are unsettled. This underdetermination makes
neutrinos a uniquely sharp domain for falsifying frameworks that penalize
gratuitous degrees of freedom. We analyze a Principle of Least Information
(PLI) approach, motivated by minimum-description-length reasoning, in which
the preferred physical description minimizes total algorithmic information
subject to empirical constraints. In contrast with many beyond-Standard-
Model constructions that accommodate neutrino data by adding flexible field
content, PLI yields exclusionary expectations: (i) neutrinos are nonzero-mass
but near-minimal; (ii) additional light active species are disfavored; (iii)
light eV-scale sterile neutrinos are strongly disfavored; and (iv) Majorana
character is favored over Dirac if it reduces field and parameter overhead. We
summarize the present experimental situation (PDG/global fits, KATRIN,
cosmological bounds, and 0νββ searches) and provide a decision-tree view of
near-term measurements that can substantially support or strongly challenge
the framework. A short appendix outlines how these PLI constraints may be
realized in a 7D–2t Janus embedding with a compact T 2 sector, while keeping
the main argument independent of any specific higher-dimensional ontology. 

 The status of energy and the vacuum remains conceptually subtle across
modern physics: energy is a symmetry charge, yet global conservation is
nontrivial in general relativity; quantum field theory defines the vacuum
through renormalization in a way that makes absolute offsets ambiguous; and
the Casimir effect is often misread as direct evidence for a large gravitating
vacuum energy. This paper summarizes how these issues are treated in a
Principle of Least Information (PLI) framework equipped with an auxiliary
influence sector and an optional 7D two-time (Janus) embedding. PLI is used
as a model-selection prior: among empirically adequate effective descriptions,
the preferred one minimizes total description length of laws and boundary
conditions. In this setting, (i) energy is emergent as the Noether charge asso-
ciated with translations along an operational time direction selected within
an otherwise rotation-invariant time-plane; (ii) reduced dynamics obtained
by tracing out the influence sector are completely positive and trace preserv-
ing, yielding an explicit energy-balance identity with system–environment
exchange; and (iii) the vacuum is characterized as the lowest-information
admissible configuration given boundary conditions, with observable effects
arising from boundary-dependent differences (Casimir/Lifshitz) rather than
absolute offsets. We compare the resulting viewpoint with standard treat-
ments in classical mechanics, GR, QFT (including curved spacetime), and
semiclassical gravity, and we summarize empirical hooks and constraints.  

 We develop a foundational framework in which quantum mechanics, spacetime
structure, and gravitation emerge from a unifying informational principle.[1–3] The
Principle of Least Information (PLI) asserts that among empirically admissible de
scriptions of the universe, those with minimal total algorithmic description length
are physically realized. We show that PLI naturally leads to a polarization-invariant
two-time structure, from which standard quantum mechanics arises as a reduced open
system dynamics. Energy, vacuum structure, particle properties, and modified gravity
emerge consistently within this framework. This work presents the first comprehensive
formulation of the theory.